Atwood Lab Publications [Sorted by Date]

An Elusive Target: Inhibitors of JC Polyomavirus Infection and Their Development as Therapeutics for the Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. Kaiserman J, O’Hara BA, Haley SA, Atwood WJ. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 May 11;24(10):8580. doi: 10.3390/ijms24108580. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

The Oxindole GW-5074 Inhibits JC Polyomavirus Infection and Spread by Antagonizing the MAPK-ERK Signaling Pathway. Kaiserman J., O’Hara B.A., Garabian K., Lukacher A., Haley S.A., Atwood W.J. 2023 Apr 25;14(2):e0358322. doi: 10.1128/mbio.03583-22. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Complexities of JC Polyomavirus Receptor-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms of Infection. Morris-Love J, Atwood WJ. Viruses. 2022 May 24;14(6):1130. doi: 10.3390/v14061130. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Biogenesis of JC polyomavirus associated extracellular vesicles. Morris-Love J, O’Hara BA, Gee GV, Dugan AS, O’Rourke RS, Armstead BE, Assetta B, Haley SA, Atwood WJ. J Extracell Biol. 2022 May;1(5):e43. doi: 10.1002/jex2.43. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Teriflunomide Inhibits JCPyV Infection and Spread in Glial Cells and Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells. O’Hara B.A., Gee G.V., Haley S.A., Morris-Love J., Nyblade C., Nieves C., Hanson B.A., Dang X., Turner T.J., Chavin J.M., et al. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021;22:9809. doi: 10.3390/ijms22189809. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Control of archetype BK polyomavirus miRNA expression. Zou W, Vue GS, Assetta B, Manza H, Atwood WJ, Imperiale MJ. J Virol. 2020 Dec 22;95(2):e01589-20. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01589-20. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Phosphoinositide 3′-Kinase γ Facilitates Polyomavirus Infection. Clark P, Gee GV, Albright BS, Assetta B, Han Y, Atwood WJ, DiMaio D. Viruses. 2020 Oct 20;12(10):1190. doi: 10.3390/v12101190. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Fifty Years of JC Polyomavirus: A Brief Overview and Remaining Questions. Atkinson A.L., Atwood W.J. Viruses. 2020;12:969. doi: 10.3390/v12090969. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Adipocyte Plasma Membrane Protein (APMAP) promotes JC Virus (JCPyV) infection in human glial cells. Haley S.A., O’Hara B.A., Atwood W.J. Virology. 2020;548:17–24. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.06.002. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

JC Virus infected choroid plexus epithelial cells produce extracellular vesicles that infect glial cells independently of the virus attachment receptor. O’Hara B.A., Morris-Love J., Gee G.V., Haley S.A., Atwood W.J. PLoS Pathog. 2020;16:e1008371. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008371. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Genetic and Functional Dissection of the Role of Individual 5-HT2 Receptors as Entry Receptors for JC Polyomavirus. Assetta B., Morris-Love J., Gee G.V., Atkinson A.L., O’Hara B.A., Maginnis M.S., Haley S.A., Atwood W.J. Cell Rep. 2019;27:1960–1966. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.067. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

JC Polyomavirus Uses Extracellular Vesicles To Infect Target Cells. Morris-Love J., Gee G.V., O’Hara B.A., Assetta B., Atkinson A.L., Dugan A.S., Haley S.A., Atwood W.A. mBio. 2019;10:e00379-19. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00379-19. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Susceptibility of Primary Human Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells and Meningeal Cells to Infection by JC Virus. O’Hara B.A., Gee G.V., Atwood W.J., Haley S.A. J. Virol. 2018;92:e00105-18. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00105-18. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: Endemic Viruses and Lethal Brain Disease. Haley S.H., Atwood W.J. Annu. Rev. Virol. 2017;4:349–367. doi: 10.1146/annurev-virology-101416-041439. – DOI – PubMed

The biology of JC polyomavirus. Assetta B., Atwood W.J. Biol. Chem. 2017;398:839–855. doi: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0345. – DOI – PubMed

Decreased function of survival motor neuron protein impairs endocytic pathways. Dimitriadi M, Derdowski A, Kalloo G, Maginnis MS, O’Hern P, Bliska B, Sorkaç A, Nguyen KC, Cook SJ, Poulogiannis G, Atwood WJ, Hall DH, Hart AC. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Jul 26;113(30):E4377-86. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1600015113. DOI – PMC – PubMed

JC Polyomavirus Infection of Primary Human Renal Epithelial Cells Is Controlled by a Type I IFN-Induced Response. Assetta B, De Cecco M, O’Hara B, Atwood WJ. mBio. 2016 Jul 5;7(4):e00903-16. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00903-16. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Interaction between Simian Virus 40 Major Capsid Protein VP1 and Cell Surface Ganglioside GM1 Triggers Vacuole Formation. Luo Y, Motamedi N, Magaldi TG, Gee GV, Atwood WJ, DiMaio D. mBio. 2016 Mar 22;7(2):e00297. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00297-16. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Trichodysplasia spinulosa-Associated Polyomavirus Uses a Displaced Binding Site on VP1 to Engage Sialylated Glycolipids. Ströh LJ, Gee GV, Blaum BS, Dugan AS, Feltkamp MC, Atwood WJ, Stehle T. PLoS Pathog. 2015 Aug 24;11(8):e1005112. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005112. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Human polyomavirus receptor distribution in brain parenchyma contrasts with receptor distribution in kidney and choroid plexus. Haley S.A., O’Hara B.A., Nelson C.D., Brittingham F.L., Henriksen K.J., Stopa E.G., Atwood W.J.  Am. J. Pathol. 2015;185:2246–2258. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.04.003. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

The Greater Affinity of JC Polyomavirus Capsid for α2,6-Linked Lactoseries Tetrasaccharide c than for Other Sialylated Glycans Is a Major Determinant of Infectivity. Ströh L.J., Maginnis M.S., Blaum B.S., Nelson C.D., Neu U., Gee G.V., O’Hara B.A., Motamedi N., DiMaio D., Atwood W.J., et al. J. Virol. 2015;89:6364–6375. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00489-15. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Modulation of a pore in the capsid of JC polyomavirus reduces infectivity and prevents exposure of the minor capsid proteins. Nelson CD, Ströh LJ, Gee GV, O’Hara BA, Stehle T, Atwood WJ. J Virol. 2015 Apr;89(7):3910-21. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00089-15. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

JC polyomavirus attachment, entry, and trafficking: unlocking the keys to a fatal infection. Maginnis MS, Nelson CD, Atwood WJ. J Neurovirol. 2015 Dec;21(6):601-13. doi: 10.1007/s13365-014-0272-4. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Small-molecule inhibitors of JC polyomavirus infection. Yatawara A., Gaidos G., Rupasinghe C.N., O’Hara B.A., Pellegrini M., Atwood W.J., Mierke D.F. J. Pept. Sci. 2015;21:236–242. doi: 10.1002/psc.2731. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

An animal model for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Haley SA, Atwood WJ. 2014 Dec;124(12):5103-6. doi: 10.1172/JCI79186. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Structural optimization of a retrograde trafficking inhibitor that protects cells from infections by human polyoma- and papillomaviruses. Carney DW, Nelson CD, Ferris BD, Stevens JP, Lipovsky A, Kazakov T, DiMaio D, Atwood WJ, Sello JK. Bioorg Med Chem. 2014 Sep 1;22(17):4836-47. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.06.053. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

JC polyomavirus attachment, entry, and trafficking: unlocking the keys to a fatal infection. Maginnis MS, Nelson CD, Atwood WJ. J Neurovirol. 2015 Dec;21(6):601-13. doi: 10.1007/s13365-014-0272-4. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Gallic acid-based small-molecule inhibitors of JC and BK polyomaviral infection. O’Hara BA, Rupasinghe C, Yatawara A, Gaidos G, Mierke DF, Atwood WJ. Virus Res. 2014 Aug 30;189:280-5. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.06.008. DOI – PMC – PubMed

Host cell autophagy promotes BK virus infection. Bouley SJ, Maginnis MS, Derdowski A, Gee GV, O’Hara BA, Nelson CD, Bara AM, Atwood WJ, Dugan AS. Virology. 2014 May;456-457:87-95. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.03.009. DOI – PMC – PubMed

The human alpha defensin HD5 neutralizes JC polyomavirus infection by reducing endoplasmic reticulum traffic and stabilizing the viral capsid. Zins SR, Nelson CD, Maginnis MS, Banerjee R, O’Hara BA, Atwood WJ. J Virol. 2014 Jan;88(2):948-60. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02766-13. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

A retrograde trafficking inhibitor of ricin and Shiga-like toxins inhibits infection of cells by human and monkey polyomaviruses. Nelson C.D., Carney D.W., Derdowski A., Lipovsky A., Gee G.V., O’Hara B., Williard P., DiMaio D., Sello J.K., Atwood W.J. mBio. 2013;4:e00729-13. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00729-13. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

A structure-guided mutation in the major capsid protein retargets BK polyomavirus. Neu U, Allen SA, Blaum BS, Liu Y, Frank M, Palma AS, Ströh LJ, Feizi T, Peters T, Atwood WJ, Stehle T. PLoS Pathog. 2013;9(10):e1003688. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003688. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Pseudovirus mimics cell entry and trafficking of the human polyomavirus JCPyV. Gee G.V., O’Hara B.A., Derdowski A., Atwood W.J. Virus Res. 2013;178:281–286. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.09.030. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

5-HT2 receptors facilitate JC polyomavirus entry. Assetta B., Maginnis M.S., Gracia Ahufinger I., Haley S.A., Gee G.V., Nelson C.D., O’Hara B.A., Allen Ramdial S.A., Atwood W.J. J. Virol. 2013;87:13490–13498. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02252-13. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy-associated mutations in the JC polyomavirus capsid disrupt lactoseries tetrasaccharide c binding. Maginnis M.S., Ströh L.J., Gee G.V., O’Hara B.A., Derdowski A., Stehle T., Atwood W.J. mBio. 2013;4:e00247-13. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00247-13. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Genome-wide siRNA screen identifies the retromer as a cellular entry factor for human papillomavirus. Lipovsky A, Popa A, Pimienta G, Wyler M, Bhan A, Kuruvilla L, Guie MA, Poffenberger AC, Nelson CD, Atwood WJ, DiMaio D. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Apr 30;110(18):7452-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1302164110. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Reining in polyoma virus associated nephropathy: design and characterization of a template mimicking BK viral coat protein cellular binding. Audu CO, O’Hara B, Pellegrini M, Wang L, Atwood WJ, Mierke DF. Biochemistry. 2012 Oct 16;51(41):8092-9. doi: 10.1021/bi300639d. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Molecular biology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, the JC virus-induced demyelinating disease of the human brain. Ferenczy M.W., Marshall L.J., Nelson C.D., Atwood W.J., Nath A.J., Khalili K., Major E.O. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2012;25:475–506. doi: 10.1128/CMR.05031-11. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

The VP1 subunit of JC polyomavirus recapitulates early events in viral trafficking and is a novel tool to study polyomavirus entry. Nelson C.D., Derdowski A., Maginnis M.S., O’Hara B.A., Atwood W.J. Virology. 2012;428:30–40. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.03.014. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

BiP and multiple DNAJ molecular chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum are required for efficient simian virus 40 infection. Goodwin EC, Lipovsky A, Inoue T, Magaldi TG, Edwards AP, Van Goor KE, Paton AW, Paton JC, Atwood WJ, Tsai B, DiMaio D. mBio. 2011 Jun 14;2(3):e00101-11. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00101-11. DOI – PMC – PubMed

Taxonomical developments in the family Polyomaviridae. Johne R., Buck C.B., Allander T., Atwood W.J., Garcea R.L., Imperiale M.J., Major E.O., Ramqvist T., Norkin L.C. Arch. Virol. 2011;156:1627–1634. doi: 10.1007/s00705-011-1008-x. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

The structure of avian polyomavirus reveals variably sized capsids, non-conserved inter-capsomere interactions, and a possible location of the minor capsid protein VP4. Shen PS, Enderlein D, Nelson CD, Carter WS, Kawano M, Xing L, Swenson RD, Olson NH, Baker TS, Cheng RH, Atwood WJ, Johne R, Belnap DM. Virology. 2011 Mar 1;411(1):142-52. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.12.005. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Structure-function analysis of the human JC polyomavirus establishes the LSTc pentasaccharide as a functional receptor motif. Neu U., Maginnis M.S., Palma A.S., Ströh L.J., Nelson C.D., Feizi T., Atwood W.J., Stehle T. Cell Host Microbe. 2010;8:309–319. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2010.09.004. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

SV40 associated miRNAs are not detectable in mesotheliomas. Gee GV, Stanifer ML, Christensen BC, Atwood WJ, Ugolini D, Bonassi S, Resnick MB, Nelson HH, Marsit CJ, Kelsey KT. Br J Cancer. 2010 Sep 7;103(6):885-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605848. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Role of N-linked glycosylation of the 5-HT2A receptor in JC virus infection. Maginnis M.S., Haley S.A., Gee G.V., Atwood W.J. J. Virol. 2010;84:9677–9684. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00978-10. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Unique susceptibility of a human lung carcinoid tumor cell line to infection with BK virus. Haley SA, O’Hara BA, Banerjee R, Atwood WJ. Virus Res. 2010 Apr;149(1):128-32. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.01.013. – DOI – PubMed

Transcriptional regulation of BK virus by nuclear factor of activated T cells. Jordan JA, Manley K, Dugan AS, O’Hara BA, Atwood WJ. J Virol. 2010 Feb;84(4):1722-30. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01918-09. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Modulation of PML protein expression regulates JCV infection. Gasparovic ML, Maginnis MS, O’Hara BA, Dugan AS, Atwood WJ. Virology. 2009 Aug 1;390(2):279-88. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.05.017. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

JC virus: an oncogenic virus in animals and humans? Maginnis MS, Atwood WJ. Semin Cancer Biol. 2009 Aug;19(4):261-9. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2009.02.013. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

High-throughput cell-based screen for chemicals that inhibit infection by simian virus 40 and human polyomaviruses. Goodwin E.C., Atwood W.J., DiMaio D. J. Virol. 2009;83:5630–5639. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00203-09. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

The Polyomaviridae: Contributions of virus structure to our understanding of virus receptors and infectious entry. Neu U, Stehle T, Atwood WJ. Virology. 2009 Feb 20;384(2):389-99. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.12.021. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Human alpha-defensins inhibit BK virus infection by aggregating virions and blocking binding to host cells. Dugan AS, Maginnis MS, Jordan JA, Gasparovic ML, Manley K, Page R, Williams G, Porter E, O’Hara BA, Atwood WJ. J Biol Chem. 2008 Nov 7;283(45):31125-32. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M805902200. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Evolutionarily conserved function of a viral microRNA. Seo G.J., Fink L.H., O’Hara B., Atwood W.J., Sullivan C.S. J. Virol. 2008;82:9823–9828. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01144-08. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Human embryonic stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells express the serotonin receptor and are susceptible to JC virus infection. Schaumburg C, O’Hara BA, Lane TE, Atwood WJ. J Virol. 2008 Sep;82(17):8896-9. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00406-08. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Direct correlation between sialic acid binding and infection of cells by two human polyomaviruses (JC virus and BK virus). Dugan A.S., Gasparovic M.L., Atwood W.J. J. Virol. 2008;82:2560–2564. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02123-07. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

 Interferon beta1-a and selective anti-5HT(2a) receptor antagonists inhibit infection of human glial cells by JC virus. O’Hara B.A., Atwood W.J. Virus Res. 2008;132:97–103. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.11.002. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) plays a role in SV40 infection. Manley K, O’Hara BA, Atwood WJ. Virology. 2008 Mar 1;372(1):48-55. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.10.029. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Identification of amino acid residues in BK virus VP1 that are critical for viability and growth. Dugan AS, Gasparovic ML, Tsomaia N, Mierke DF, O’Hara BA, Manley K, Atwood WJ. J Virol. 2007 Nov;81(21):11798-808. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01316-07. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Microarray analysis of glial cells resistant to JCV infection suggests a correlation between viral infection and inflammatory cytokine gene expression. Manley K, Gee GV, Simkevich CP, Sedivy JM, Atwood WJ. Virology. 2007 Sep 30;366(2):394-404. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.05.016. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

JC virus minor capsid proteins Vp2 and Vp3 are essential for virus propagation. Gasparovic ML, Gee GV, Atwood WJ. J Virol. 2006 Nov;80(21):10858-61. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01298-06. –DOI – PMC – PubMed

 NFAT4 is required for JC virus infection of glial cells. Manley K., O’Hara B.A., Gee G.V., Sirakevich C.P., Sedivy J.M., Atwood W.J. J. Virol. 2006;80:12079–12085. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01456-06. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Invasion of host cells by JC virus identifies a novel role for caveolae in endosomal sorting of noncaveolar ligands. Querbes W., O’Hara B.A., Williams G., Atwood W.J. J. Virol. 2006;80:9402–9413. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01086-06. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

 Update on BK virus entry and intracellular trafficking. Dugan AS, Eash S, Atwood WJ. Transpl Infect Dis. 2006 Jun;8(2):62-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2006.00153.x. – DOI – PubMed

Virus receptors and tropism. Ashok A, Atwood WJ. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2006;577:60-72. doi: 10.1007/0-387-32957-9_4. – DOI – PubMed

The role of sialic acid in human polyomavirus infections. Gee GV, Dugan AS, Tsomaia N, Mierke DF, Atwood WJ. Glycoconj J. 2006 Feb;23(1-2):19-26. doi: 10.1007/s10719-006-5434-z. – DOI – PubMed

The human polyomaviruses. Eash S, Manley K, Gasparovic M, Querbes W, Atwood WJ. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2006 Apr;63(7-8):865-76. doi: 10.1007/s00018-005-5454-z. – DOI – PubMed

An N-linked glycoprotein with alpha(2,3)-linked sialic acid is a receptor for BK virus. Dugan AS, Eash S, Atwood WJ. J Virol. 2005 Nov;79(22):14442-5. doi: 10.1128/JVI.79.22.14442-14445.2005. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

 Involvement of cytoskeletal components in BK virus infectious entry. Eash S, Atwood WJ. J Virol. 2005 Sep;79(18):11734-41. doi: 10.1128/JVI.79.18.11734-11741.2005. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

 The human polyomavirus, JCV, uses serotonin receptors to infect cells. Elphick G.F., Querbes W., Jordan J.A., Gee G.V., Eash S., Manley K., Dugan A., Stanifer M., Bhatnagar A., Kroeze W.K., et al. Science. 2004;306:1380–1383. doi: 10.1126/science.1103492. – DOI – PubMed

 Infection of vero cells by BK virus is dependent on caveolae. Eash S, Querbes W, Atwood WJ. J Virol. 2004 Nov;78(21):11583-90. doi: 10.1128/JVI.78.21.11583-11590.2004. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Modeling a sialic acid binding pocket in the external loops of JC virus VP1. Gee GV, Tsomaia N, Mierke DF, Atwood WJ. J Biol Chem. 2004 Nov 19;279(47):49172-6. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M409326200. – DOI – PubMed

Polyomavirus nephropathy in kidney transplantation. Trofe J, Gordon J, Roy-Chaudhury P, Koralnik IJ, Atwood WJ, Alloway RR, Khalili K, Woodle ES. Prog Transplant. 2004 Jun;14(2):130-40; quiz 141-2. doi: 10.1177/152692480401400207. – DOI – PubMed

Nuclear entry mechanism of the human polyomavirus JC virus-like particle: role of importins and the nuclear pore complex. Qu Q., Sawa H., Suzuki T., Semba S., Henmi C., Okada Y., Tsuda M., Tanaka S., Atwood W.J., Nagashima K. J. Biol. Chem. 2004;279:27735–27742. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M310827200. – DOI – PubMed

Differential distribution of the JC virus receptor-type sialic acid in normal human tissues. Eash S, Tavares R, Stopa EG, Robbins SH, Brossay L, Atwood WJ. Am J Pathol. 2004 Feb;164(2):419-28. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63132-X. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

A JC virus-induced signal is required for infection of glial cells by a clathrin- and eps15-dependent pathway. Querbes W., Benmerah A., Tosoni D., Di Fiore P.P., Atwood W.J. J. Virol. 2004;78:250–256. doi: 10.1128/JVI.78.1.250-256.2004. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Derivation of a JC virus-resistant human glial cell line: implications for the identification of host cell factors that determine viral tropism. Gee GV, Manley K, Atwood WJ. Virology. 2003 Sep 15;314(1):101-9. doi: 10.1016/s0042-6822(03)00389-1. – DOI – PubMed

Genotypes, archetypes, and tandem repeats in the molecular epidemiology and pathogenesis of JC virus induced disease. Atwood WJ. J Neurovirol. 2003 Oct;9(5):519-21. doi: 10.1080/13550280390243384. – DOI – PubMed

Early events in the life cycle of JC virus as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Baum S., Ashok A., Gee G., Dimitrova S., Querbes W., Jordan J., Atwood W.J. J. Neurovirol. 2003;9((Suppl. S1)):32–37. doi: 10.1080/13550280390195342. – DOI – PubMed

Contrasting roles of endosomal pH and the cytoskeleton in infection of human glial cells by JC virus and simian virus 40. Ashok A., Atwood W.J. J. Virol. 2003;77:1347–1356. doi: 10.1128/JVI.77.2.1347-1356.2003. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Oligosaccharides as receptors for JC virus. Komagome R, Sawa H, Suzuki T, Suzuki Y, Tanaka S, Atwood WJ, Nagashima K. J Virol. 2002 Dec;76(24):12992-3000. doi: 10.1128/jvi.76.24.12992-13000.2002. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Construction of a novel JCV/SV40 hybrid virus (JCSV) reveals a role for the JCV capsid in viral tropism. Chen BJ, Atwood WJ. Virology. 2002 Sep 1;300(2):282-90. doi: 10.1006/viro.2002.1522. – DOI – PubMed

Glial cells as targets of viral infection in the human central nervous system. Schweighardt B, Atwood WJ. Prog Brain Res. 2001;132:721-35. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(01)32113-1. – DOI – PubMed

HIV type 1 infection of human astrocytes is restricted by inefficient viral entry. Schweighardt B, Atwood WJ. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2001 Aug 10;17(12):1133-42. doi: 10.1089/088922201316912745. – DOI – PubMed

A combination of low-dose chlorpromazine and neutralizing antibodies inhibits the spread of JC virus (JCV) in a tissue culture model: implications for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy. Atwood WJ. J Neurovirol. 2001 Aug;7(4):307-10. doi: 10.1080/13550280152537157. – DOI – PubMed

Virus receptors in the human central nervous system. Schweighardt B, Atwood WJ. J Neurovirol. 2001 Jun;7(3):187-95. doi: 10.1080/13550280152403236. – DOI – PubMed

CD4/CXCR4-independent infection of human astrocytes by a T-tropic strain of HIV-1. Schweighardt B, Shieh JT, Atwood WJ. J Neurovirol. 2001 Apr;7(2):155-62. doi: 10.1080/13550280152058816. – DOI – PubMed

Propagation and assay of the JC virus. Liu CK, Atwood WJ. Methods Mol Biol. 2001;165:9-17. doi: 10.1385/1-59259-117-5:9. – DOI – PubMed

JC virus binds to primary human glial cells, tonsillar stromal cells, and B-lymphocytes, but not to T lymphocytes. Wei G., Liu C.K., Atwood W.J. J. Neurovirol. 2000;6:127–136. doi: 10.3109/13550280009013156. – DOI – PubMed

JC virus enters human glial cells by clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis. Pho M.T., Ashok A., Atwood W.J. J. Virol. 2000;74:2288–2292. doi: 10.1128/JVI.74.5.2288-2292.2000. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Infection of glial cells by the human polyomavirus JC is mediated by an N-linked glycoprotein containing terminal alpha(2-6)-linked sialic acids. Liu CK, Wei G, Atwood WJ. J Virol. 1998 Jun;72(6):4643-9. doi: 10.1128/JVI.72.6.4643-4649.1998. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

The human polyomavirus, JCV, does not share receptor specificity with SV40 on human glial cells. Liu CK, Hope AP, Atwood WJ. J Neurovirol. 1998 Feb;4(1):49-58. doi: 10.3109/13550289809113481. – DOI – PubMed

JC virus infection of hematopoietic progenitor cells, primary B lymphocytes, and tonsillar stromal cells: implications for viral latency. Monaco M.C., Atwood W.J., Gravell M., Tornatore C.S., Major E.O. J. Virol. 1996;70:7004–7012. doi: 10.1128/JVI.70.10.7004-7012.1996. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Evaluation of the role of cytokine activation in the multiplication of JC virus (JCV) in human fetal glial cells. Atwood WJ, Wang L, Durham LC, Amemiya K, Traub RG, Major EO. J Neurovirol. 1995 Mar;1(1):40-9. doi: 10.3109/13550289509111009. – DOI – PubMed

An increase in p50/p65 NF-kB binding to the HIV-1 LTR is not sufficient to increase viral expression in the primary human astrocyte. Conant K, Atwood WJ, Traub R, Tornatore C, Major EO. Virology. 1994 Dec;205(2):586-90. doi: 10.1006/viro.1994.1685. – DOI – PubMed

Stimulation of HIV type 1 gene expression and induction of NF-kappa B (p50/p65)-binding activity in tumor necrosis factor alpha-treated human fetal glial cells. Atwood WJ, Tornatore CS, Traub R, Conant K, Drew PD, Major EO. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1994 Oct;10(10):1207-11. doi: 10.1089/aid.1994.10.1207. – DOI – PubMed

HIV-1 mRNA transcripts from persistently infected human fetal astrocytes. Atwood WJ, Tornatore CS, Meyers K, Major EO. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1993 Oct 29;693:324-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26298.x. – DOI – PubMed

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of the brain. Atwood WJ, Berger JR, Kaderman R, Tornatore CS, Major EO. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1993 Oct;6(4):339-66. doi: 10.1128/CMR.6.4.339. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Interaction of the human polyomavirus, JCV, with human B-lymphocytes. Atwood WJ, Amemiya K, Traub R, Harms J, Major EO. Virology. 1992 Oct;190(2):716-23. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90909-9. – DOI – PubMed

Class I major histocompatibility proteins are an essential component of the simian virus 40 receptor. Breau WC, Atwood WJ, Norkin LC. J Virol. 1992 Apr;66(4):2037-45. doi: 10.1128/JVI.66.4.2037-2045.1992. – DOI – PMC – PubMed

Class I major histocompatibility proteins as cell surface receptors for simian virus 40. Atwood WJ, Norkin LC. J Virol. 1989 Oct;63(10):4474-7. doi: 10.1128/JVI.63.10.4474-4477.1989. – DOI – PMC – PubMed